Linux Ask!

Linux Ask! is a Q & A web site specific for Linux related questions. Questions are collected, answered and audited by experienced Linux users.

Linux Ask!

Apr 042013
 

Constant in Ruby

Answer:

In Ruby, a class constant has a name starting with an uppercase character, e.g.

Foo = 'bar'
puts Foo

Where you try to re-define the constant, a warning message will be shown, e.g.

Foo = 'bar'
Foo = '123'

(irb):18: warning: already initialized constant Foo
Mar 292013
 

Global and Local variable in Ruby

Answer:

In Ruby, global variable has a name beginning with $, e.g.

$foo = 'bar'
puts $foo

In contrast, local variable has a name start with a lower case letter or an underscore character, e.g.

foo = 'bar'
puts foo
Mar 092013
 

Traceroute using TCP

Answer:

It is common now for a server to disable the ICMP and make commands like *ping* & *traceroute* failed to do the diagnostics. However, newer version of *traceroute* have a TCP mode that if you know a particular server is opening a port for TCP connection, then you can use command like..

# sudo traceroute -T www.google.com
traceroute to www.google.com (74.125.235.242), 30 hops max, 60 byte packets
 1  136.182.34.2 (136.182.34.2)  0.557 ms  0.572 ms  0.621 ms
 2  125.235.129.111 (125.235.129.111)  11.232 ms  11.242 ms  11.235 ms
 3  otejbb205.int-gw.kddi.ne.jp (124.215.194.161)  1.602 ms otejbb206.int-gw.kddi.ne.jp (124.215.194.177)  2.123 ms  2.119 ms
 4  ix-ote210.int-gw.kddi.ne.jp (106.187.6.114)  11.182 ms ix-ote210.int-gw.kddi.ne.jp (106.187.6.98)  11.156 ms ix-ote210.int-gw.kddi.ne.jp (106.187.6.114)  11.199 ms
 5  203.181.102.94 (203.181.102.94)  63.248 ms  63.272 ms  63.262 ms
 6  209.85.249.195 (209.85.249.195)  2.523 ms  2.252 ms  2.191 ms
 7  64.233.175.0 (64.233.175.0)  6.512 ms  6.448 ms  6.537 ms
 8  64.233.174.0 (64.233.174.0)  11.154 ms  11.474 ms  10.738 ms
 9  216.239.43.243 (216.239.43.243)  11.108 ms  11.713 ms  12.141 ms
10  kix01s02-in-f18.1e100.net (74.125.235.242)  11.103 ms  10.582 ms  10.882 ms